Schlüsselwörter
(Englisch)
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Apple; disease resistance; breeding; quantitative traits
Apple; disease resistance; breeding; quantitative traits
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Alternative Projektnummern
(Englisch)
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EU project number: FAIR5-CT97-03898
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Forschungsprogramme
(Englisch)
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EU-programme: 4. Frame Research Programme - 4.3 Biomedical/Health research
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Kurzbeschreibung
(Englisch)
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See abstract
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Weitere Hinweise und Angaben
(Englisch)
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Full name of research-institution/enterprise:
ETH Zürich
Institut für Integrative Biologie (IBZ)
Pflanzenpathologie
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Partner und Internationale Organisationen
(Englisch)
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INRA Station d'Amélioration des espèces fruitières, Angers (F) (Coordinator), CPRO Centre for Plant Breeding Research, Wageningen (NL), HRI Horticultural Research International East Mailing (UK), IZZ Institut für Zierpflanzenzüchtung, Ahrensburg (D), PIN Pomology Institute Naoussa (EL), DCA Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Bologna (I), CRA, Centre de Recherches Agronomiques, Gembloux (B), Les Naturianes SARL, Lyon (F)
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Abstract
(Englisch)
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The goals of this project are the creation and the marketing of new apple varieties with durable resistance to the two main fungal diseases of apple, scab and mildew. French, Dutch, German, Swiss, English, Italian, Greek and Belgian scientists and a group of French nurserymen are joined in this project. The 'Durable Apple Resistance in Europe' (D.A.R.E.) project is comprised of 5 closely linked parts and should enable us to assemble piece by piece the material, the methods and the knowledge necessary to create new varieties with durable resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis) and to mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha).1. Characterisation of new sources of durable resistance. Traditional apple cultivars, new selections and wild species have been collected by the partners and planted at 8 sites in Europe (20 cvs, total of 320 trees). Their resistance to scab and mildew was evaluated under various environmental conditions. The ranking of the cultivars was in most cases similar over all sites. Analysis of the causes are still underway.2. Study of the variability of the two pathogens. In order to estimate the potential durability of the resistance, the variability of the pathogens has to be known. For this, a collection of V. inaequalis originating from the different countries has been made. These strains have been tested on a series of apple trees containing resistant varieties (mono- and polygenic resistance) and susceptible varieties. For details of results, see EU-report 2000. A method has been developed to maintain the obligate parasite P. leucotricha and can now be used for this task. 3. Study of the genetic bases of the resistance to scab and mildew. Mapping populations have been created and planted by all partners. Greenhouse data of resistance against scab have been collected for some of these populations (FAW, INRA). One population (Fiesta x Discovery) has been planted to the field and has been assessed regarding field resistance against scab and mildew. The work of this task has been mainly concentrated on the construction of linkage maps (ETH: Fiesta x Discovery). A definitive Apple-genome map based on Microsatellite markers supplemented with AFLP and RFLP (partially in collaboration with a Swiss SPP-project) has been constructed and the phenological disease data is currently used to identify quantitative resistance trait loci. Markers for the monogenic resistance against V. inaequalis derived from a particular 'Russian Seedling' Vr and from Malus baccata jackii Vbj have been developed (ETH) and for the mildew resistance Plw (HRI) 4. The development and utilisation of new strategies of selection. The markers for the most used resistance against scab Vf have now been used routinely for screening and is in all cases strongly and reliably associated with the resistance. The prior developed Marker for the Pl1 resistance against mildew (derived from M. robusta, German partner) has been tested on a large progeny derived from other parents than the once used in the developing procedure, unfortunately the results deny any association of the marker with the resistance as tested in glasshouse and in the field. Chosen crosses have been made by all partners and are currently under analysis for resistance/susceptibility to scab in the greenhouse. As soon as QTL markers (developed under task 3) will be available, these populations will be independently tested for presence/absence of the markers. This will allow to test if the found QTL markers are associated to resistance QTLs also in these parents, and whether these markers can universally be used for marker assisted breeding.5. Market and consumer tests. Consumer and expert panel tests have been performed (FAW, Les Naturianes). The concept of the project and results can be found on the project web site at http://www.inra.fr/Angers/DARE/
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Datenbankreferenzen
(Englisch)
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Swiss Database: Euro-DB of the
State Secretariat for Education and Research
Hallwylstrasse 4
CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland
Tel. +41 31 322 74 82
Swiss Project-Number: 97.0283
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