The recent expansion of computing power has been accompanied by increased demand for the underlying cloud computing infrastructure. Until the late 2010s, efficiency gains were largely able to meet this growing demand. In recent years, however, this has no longer been the case, and the energy consumption of data centers and various associated environmental impacts are increasing. In this context, this study aims to highlight the complex interactions between sustainability-related dimensions and indicators, as well as the consequences of design decisions for data centers. Its main objective is to shed light on the overall optimization of data centers, taking into account numerous interdependencies and analyzing various sustainability dimensions of data centers from a circular economy perspective. The study will thus provide data center planners, operators, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of existing synergies and trade-offs.