Schlüsselwörter
(Englisch)
|
Hydrogen, renewable, energy, fuel cell, vehicles, refuelling stations, gas analysis, flow metering
|
Kurzbeschreibung
(Englisch)
|
This project will be the first large scale project of its kind that will tackle the four measurement challenges that currently prevent the industry from meeting requirements set by International Standards such as flow metering, quality control, quality assurance and sampling.
In order to properly determine the main measurement needs, a survey was undertaken involving key stakeholders of the hydrogen industry (including hydrogen producers, station operators, automotive manufacturers and standardisation bodies) to understand the measurement challenges that this industry currently faces. The results clearly demonstrated that there are four key technical measurement challenges that prevent a hydrogen economy from growing in Europe:
- It is not possible to accurately calculate the amount of hydrogen dispensed when filling hydrogen into a fuel cell vehicle and therefore the customer cannot be charged correctly when buying hydrogen from the station.
- Hydrogen provided by the refuelling stations will need to meet the hydrogen purity specifications of ISO 14687; however no laboratory in the world can currently perform all of these measurements under accreditation.
- Hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) will typically need to install instruments that can continuously monitor key impurities online to ensure harmful impurities never reach the fuel cell vehicles; these instruments are in development but have not yet been tested or validated.
- There are no verified techniques that can be followed, or validated sampling vessels available, when HRSs sample hydrogen is sent to laboratories for purity analysis; there is a high risk that the sample received by the laboratory is not representative of the hydrogen dispensed into the vehicles.
This is a joint research project carried out in the framework of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) (see:http://www.euramet.org/research-innovation/empir/). The EMPIR initiative is co-funded by the European Unions's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the participating states. METAS is one of the project partners in the Project.
|
Projektziele
(Englisch)
|
The overall aim of this project is to develop metrology that will support the safe use of hydrogen in refuelling stations for the transport sector. The specific objectives are:
- Flow metering - To develop a metrological framework for testing hydrogen meters used to measure the mass of hydrogen dispensed into a fuel cell vehicle from a refuelling station and support laboratories by providing a good practice guide describing the calibration and validation of flow meters used at HRSs. The metrological and technical requirements stipulated in OIML R 139-1 and international standard SAE J2601 - Fuelling Protocols for Light Duty Gaseous Hydrogen Surface Vehicles should be followed, with a target accuracy of 1 %.
- Hydrogen quality assurance - To support hydrogen purity testing as specified in ISO 14687 and method validation in ISO/AWI 21087 by developing traceable offline gas analysis methods, stable and accurate primary reference gas mixtures and the metrological tools to enable the introduction of low cost gas analysers suitable for use by commercial gas analysis laboratories. An interlaboratory comparison will be held to allow commercial laboratories to prove their competency in hydrogen purity testing which will allow them to gain evidence for obtaining accreditation for this service. In addition, to develop a robust method for accurately performing online measurement of particulates (to determine whether levels are above or below 1 mg/kg) in hydrogen provided at the refuelling station, as specified in ISO 14687.
- Hydrogen quality control - To perform purity measurements of hydrogen following the implementation of quality control techniques specified in ISO 19880-8 and validate continuous online hydrogen purity analysers for measuring canary species (the key impurities that guarantee global quality of the hydrogen) at the HRS. A good practice guide will be developed for the use and calibration of hygrometers for online water analysis. Low cost sensors will be investigated for use at hydrogen refuelling stations for performing online monitoring of impurities for quality control.
- Sampling - To develop a robust protocol for taking a representative sample of hydrogen gas from a refuelling station and testing suitability of high pressure sampling vessels for delivering hydrogen to gas analysis laboratories for offline purity analysis; as required by ISO 14687.
- Creating impact - To facilitate the take up of the technology and measurement infrastructure developed in the project by the measurement supply chain (accredited laboratories, instrument manufacturers), standards developing organisations (ISO, CEN/CENELEC) and end users (hydrogen industry, vehicle manufacturers and suppliers).
|
Abstract
(Englisch)
|
METAS, in the framework of the EMPIR project 16ENG01 'Metrology for Hydrogen Vehicles', developed and successfully field-tested a primary standard for high-pressure hydrogen flow metering based on the gravimetric principle. This new mobile test rig is called 'Hydrogen Field Test Standard' (HFTS) and can be used for calibrating or testing hydrogen refuelling stations delivering gaseous hydrogen up to 70 MPa according to OIML R139:2108. Field-testing allowed validating the uncertainty of 0.3 % (k=2) for a delivered mass of 1 kg of hydrogen. The HFTS is operational and has already been used for the performance testing of a hydrogen refuelling station in Germany.
Moreover, METAS provided for the first time a direct comparison of flow meter performance in the laboratory using substitute fluids and at the real conditions of a hydrogen refuelling station.
The meter was tested
- in the METAS gas flow laboratory using nitrogen in a pressure range from (20 to 85) bar,
- in the METAS liquid flow laboratory using water at a pressure of 7 bar,
- against the HFTS using nitrogen in a pressure range from (10 to 40) bar,
- against the HFTS using hydrogen at a hydrogen refuelling station in the pressure range from (20 to 700) bar.
The measurements support the claimed uncertainty of the HFTS and the equivalence with the gas laboratory reference flow meters.
|
Umsetzung und Anwendungen
(Englisch)
|
The METAS Hydrogen Field Test Standard can be used for type approval testing and calibration of hydrogen refuel-ling stations. A first mandate has been obtained and type-approval testing has been performed on site at a manufacturer's factory in Germany.
|
Publikationen / Ergebnisse
(Englisch)
|
- M. de Huu et al., "The European Research Project on Metrology for Hydrogen Vehicles – MetroHyVe", Journal of Physics: Conferences Series, 1065, 9
- R. Maury, C. Auclercq, C. Devilliers, M. de Huu, O. Büker, M. MacDonald, "Hydrogen refuelling station calibration with a traceable gravimetric standard", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 74, 2020, 101743
- M. de Huu et al., "Design of gravimetric primary standards for field-testing of hydrogen refuelling stations", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 73, 2020, 101747
- O. Büker, K. Stolt, M. de Huu, M. MacDonald, R. Maury, "Investigations on pressure dependence of Coriolis mass flow meters used at hydrogen refueling stations", Flow Measure-ment and Instrumentation, 76, 2020, 101815
- M. MacDonald, M. de Huu, R. Maury, O. Büker , "Calibration of hydrogen Coriolis flow meters using nitrogen and air and investigation of the influence of temperature on measurement accuracy", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, accepted for publication
|
