We investigate the investment and market behaviour of power producers on European electricity markets. The key driver of investment and production in a liberalised environment is the market price (with the exception of investments in new renewables, which are also policy driven). Market players usually do not cooperate to maximise social welfare, such that the assumption of purely production cost related decisions of a central planner may not be correct. Hence, the main goal is to model prices under different policy scenarios.
The employed numerical model is a game-theoretic electricity market model for Switzerland and its surrounding countries. The players are aggregated on country level for this first phase of model development that was initiated by this BFE-EWG project. The model is technology detailed having different power-supply options including also thermal production constraints as well as hydropower energy storage. We analyse different scenarios at the target year 2035, where nuclear power is assumed to be phased out in Germany and Switzerland, under different assumptions of fossil fuel and CO2 prices, of availability of lignite power in Germany, and different price-demand elasticities than today.
The main conclusions include that changes in the supply mix in Switzerland (hydro availability, deployment of new renewables etc.) have minor influence on Swiss wholesale electricity prices; the trade with the surrounding countries determine the price for Switzerland, which is a price-taker. The gas price will determine strongly the wholesale price in Switzerland, even when Switzerland is not installing gas plants in our profit-driven market modelling; new renewables are installed exogenously driven by the policy per scenario. Nevertheless, under low gas (and CO2) prices, Swiss electricity price levels and price volatility can stay approximately as of today, even under the expected capacity changes in Switzerland and surrounding countries.