Partner und Internationale Organisationen
(Englisch)
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AT, BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EL, ES, FI, FR, HU, IL, IT, LT, LU, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, TR, UK
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Abstract
(Englisch)
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In the past decades, both crop breeding and production has largely focused on maximising yield in terms of biomass production per hectare and on securing food and feed production. As a negative side effect of this strategy concentration of essential macro/micro-nutrients for man and animals have been dramatically diluted. Estimates say, that over three billion people are currently micronutrient malnurished. The team of Phytotech Foundation introduced a mutagenesis approach with the best Cdexclu- ding winter wheat cultivar BATIS from Germany in 2011. The aim was to biofortify the grain content for desired Zn, Fe, (Se, Mg) and exclude toxic elements such as Cd. Based on own experiences with sunflower a modified EMS mutagenesis was used to produce a significant amount of putative mutants. About 20'000 mutagenized grains (0.08M of 3, 4, 7, 11h of EMS treatment) were sown in autumn 2011 for direct field screening on our phytoremediated and formerly zinc contaminated site at Bettwiesen (CH). A few thousand of putative fertile M1 mutant spikes and their controls were harvested in autumn 2012, and mutant screening of the grain content was done on a sensitive XRF instrument. For the most promising 11h EMS-treatment the relative iron and zinc gain of best M1 mutants, compared to controls reached up to a factor of 8 for iron, and 5 for zinc, whereas cumulative iron and zinc grain biofortification was enhanced up to a factor of 7.7 for the M1 mutant generation. Individual M1 mutant lines with a cumulative gain factor >1.9 for Fe & Zn were sown again in field for next generation. For the next M2 generation in 2013 about 350 Batis mutants of Bettwiesen again showed a cumulative gain of the Zn and Fe grain concentration up of a factor of 5.8, and for another 27 mutants > 3. For Zn 168 M2 mutants, and for Fe another 14 mutants were found with a grain gain factor > 3. Best individual M2-mutant gained 8.4 times for Zn and 7.8 times for Fe, compared to controls. Best M2-mutant lines of Bettwiesen also confirmed an improved grain uptake at the German selection site Söllingen at lower Zn soil contents. A selection of 12 promising mutants is currently in cultivation at the Bettweiesen site for the next M3-mutant selection in autumn 2014. More detailed agronomical and genetical assessments are still needed for confirming of these promising new biofortified mutant lines for Fe&Zn grain content of winter wheat cultivar BATIS.
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