Summary
The Council of Europe is a multilateral organisation which has championed human rights, the rule of law and democracy ever since 1949. Its members, whose number has risen to 47 by now, cover almost the entire European Continent. From 18 November 2009 to 11 May 2010, Switzerland chaired the Committee of Ministers, the decision-making body of the Council of Europe.
At the request of the Swiss Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Control Committees of the National Council and the Council of States had the Swiss Chairmanship evaluated by the Parliamentary Control of the Administration.
The Chair of the Council of Europe must act on its own initiative in order to set something in motion, while at the same time chime in with the practice of the organisation. The evaluation comes to the conclusion that all in all, the Swiss Chairmanship mastered this balancing act between independence and consideration well. The Swiss Chairmanship made an important contribution towards the objectives of the Council of Europe, whereas its contribution to Switzerland’s foreign policy objectives was less prominent. The performance of the Chairmanship had both strong and weak points.
The domestic dimension of Switzerland’s Chairmanship was accorded only little importance by the Federal Council and was only examined marginally in the evaluation. Many interviewees expressed their regret that the Chairmanship had not been used to make the Council of Europe better known in Switzerland. The Swiss press published only a few reports on the Swiss Chairmanship.
Performance of the Chairmanship with strong and weak points
By and large, the handling of the Chairmanship by the Federal Administration worked well. Various federal services participated in the Chairmanship and coordinated their activities with the relevant section in the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). The Head of the FDFA was visibly involved in the Chairmanship.
However, the organisation also had weaknesses, which will have to be avoided with a view to similar functions to be performed by Switzerland. Firstly, the existing line organisation in the FDFA proved to be too cumbersome for the Chairmanship to be handled efficiently. Secondly, competencies and processes had been inadequately clarified, which resulted in recurring friction within the FDFA. Thirdly, the involvement of the Head of the FDFA used to be characterised by a certain degree of short-termism.
The cost/performance ratio deserves special mention as a strong point. The Federal Administration worked in a cost-conscious way. At a conservative estimate, the overall costs of the Chairmanship amounted to about CHF 4.2 million. Non-personnel costs amounted to approximately CHF 2.8 million, with a large part accounted for by longer-term support services to the Council of Europe. Events, including one Conference of Ministers, called for an expenditure of about CHF 1 million, which is comparatively little.
Important contribution towards the objectives of the Council of Europe
For the Council of Europe, the most important problem by far is the huge mountain of applications pending before the European Court of Human Rights. The Court makes the Council of Europe unique as a multilateral organisation and has the highest public profile. It will be in danger of losing its credibility if it is unable to deal with its pending cases before long.
Switzerland placed the reforms of the Court at the top of the priority list and made crucial headway with them. In this context, the Swiss Chairmanship made skilful use of its possibilities. It deliberately moulded the negotiations for a joint declaration of the member states, and it succeeded in reaching a consensus. The joint declaration adopted by the Conference of Ministers in Interlaken established a reform schedule and also imposed obligations upon member states and the Committee of Ministers. Switzerland thus comprehensively and successfully tackled the problems connected with the enforcement of human rights.
The Swiss Chairmanship contributed towards a situation whereby relations between the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly have returned to normal after the crisis that had developed in the wake of the election of a new Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Instead of becoming active itself, Switzerland supported the new Secretary General and his Secretariat in certain areas. This course of action may have been pursued at the expense of direct influence, but it ensured that Switzerland’s concerns would continue to be taken into account after the termination of its Chairmanship.
Besides the Court, Switzerland prioritised the reinforcement of democracy and thus staged a conference on “Democratisation and Decentralisation” in Saint Gallen. Like the Conference of Ministers in Interlaken, this conference was well organised. However, as a one-off, academically oriented event, it was not suited to attaining the ambitious aim of strengthening civic democracy in the member states. In addition, the Chairmanship failed to involve the Council of Europe sufficiently bindingly to ensure follow-up activities.
Small contribution towards the objectives of Swiss foreign policy
Any chairmanship’s possibilities of pursuing national interests are limited. It therefore does not come as much of a surprise that the Swiss Chairmanship only made a modest contribution towards foreign policy objectives.
Many objectives of Swiss foreign policy, such as peace and stability, are identical with the aims of the Council of Europe, which means that the successes that the Swiss Chairmanship achieved within the Council of Europe can also be regarded as contributions to foreign policy objectives. The Swiss Chairmanship made progress in the Council of Europe precisely because it put its own positions on hold and made a credible appearance as a neutral mediator. Switzerland relied on values such as goal orientation and efficiency, for which it is well-known at an international level. The success of Interlaken, in particular, may well have a positive impact on Switzerland’s image in the Council of Europe and possibly among European government circles.
Moreover, the Saint Gallen conference provided an opportunity for Switzerland to present itself with the topic of civic democracy, which is an important issue in this country. However, the impact of the conference was rather slight. The marketing aspect of the Chairmanship was generally somewhat neglected. Yet whether a distinctly greater involvement on the part of the Federal Council, which would be necessary for a strong international presence, would have been appropriate, is dubious in view of the fact that in comparison with the EU or the UN, the Council of Europe is of limited significance to Swiss foreign policy.