Untersuchungen zur Adaption aviärer Influenzavirusisolate aus wildlebenden Wasservögeln an Haushuhn und Hausente

• Forschungsstelle: BLV
• Projektnummer: 1.10.11
• Projekttitel Englisch: Adaptation processes of wild waterfowl isolates of avian influenza during repeated passages in domestic chickens and ducks

Schlüsselwörter (Deutsch)

Aviäre Influenzaviren, Wildwasservögel, LPAIV, Hühner, Enten, Tropismus, zoonotisches Potential, Übertragung, Pathogenität.

Schlüsselwörter (Englisch)

Avian influenza virus, wild waterfowl, LPAIV, chicken, ducks, adaptation, tropism, zoonotic potential,
transmission, virulence.

Kurzbeschreibung (Deutsch)

Niedrigpathogene aviäre Influenzaviren (LPAIV) werden gelegentlich von wildlebenden Wasservögeln auf unser Wirtschaftsgeflügel übertragen. Die Adaption der Viren an ihre neuen Wirte kann zu einer Zunahme der Virulenz und zur Entstehung von hochpathogenen Virusstämmen (HPAIV) führen. Darüberhinaus gibt es Hinweise dafür, dass ans Hausgeflügel adaptierte AIV ein höheres zoonotisches Potential für Säugetiere besitzen. In diesem Projekt wird die Adaption von LPAIV an Haushuhn und Hausente sowie die dabei auftre-tenden Mutationen im Genom der Viren untersucht, wobei die Entstehung von HPAIV von besonderem Inte-resse ist. Die Rolle des Hausgeflügels als Zwischenwirt für die weitere Übertragung aviärer Influenzaviren auf Schweine wird in diesem Projekt ebenfalls untersucht. Das Verständnis dieser Adaptionsvorgänge wird dazu beitragen, das Risikopotential einer Übertragung aviärer Influenzaviren auf unser Wirtschaftgeflügel bzw. Säugetiere besser einzuschätzen und entsprechende Kontrollmassnahmen zu ergreifen.

Kurzbeschreibung (Englisch)

Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) are sporadically transmitted from wild waterfowl to do-mestic poultry. The adaptation of LPAIV to a new avian host may increase their virulence and the evolution of highly pathogenic strains (HPAIV). In addition, there is evidence that adapted AIV may possess higher zoonotic potential for infection of mammalian species. This project aims at understanding the mutational changes during adaptation of LPAIV in domestic chickens and ducks and their role in the emergence of HPAIV. The role of domestic poultry as intermediate hosts for facilitated transmission to pigs will also be addressed in this project. The understanding of LPAIV adaptation processes in domestic poultry will help to better assess the risk of avian influenza virus transmission to both domestic poultry and mammalian species. This knowledge will also provide the basis for setting up appropriate control measures.

Projektziele (Englisch)

Hypothesis: Adaptation of LPAIV from wild waterfowl to replication in domestic poultry potentiates the evolu-tion of HPAIV and facilitates the transmission of AIV to mammalian species.
Goals and specific aims: This project aims at understanding the processes of LPAIV adaptation to domestic poultry and the emergence of HPAIV. An additional goal is to assess the zoonotic potential of adapted virus-es for mammalian species and to identify the genetic determinants of expanded host tropism. The following questions will be addressed:
1.
Are domestic ducks more susceptible to infection by LPAIV H5 and H7 isolated from wild waterfowl compared to chickens? What is the frequency of successful adaptation? Which LPAIV subtype has a higher potential for successful adaptation?
2.
Is there an increase in virulence during LPAIV adaptation and how frequent is this? What is the number of passages required for adaptation?
3.
What is the pathogenicity of LPAIV in ducks compared to chickens? Do ducks shed virus for pro-longed periods of time?
4.
What are the genetic changes that occur during adaptation and which of them are important for viru-lence and efficient replication in the new host?
5.
What is the zoonotic potential of adapted H5 and H7 AIV for pigs? Which are the adaptive mutations that allow transmission?
6.
Are adaptation and zoonotic potential associated with changes in receptor specificity and/or altered tropism for particular cell types?

Publikationen / Ergebnisse (Englisch)

Hofmann, M.A.; Renzullo, S.; Baumer, A. (2008) Phylogenetic characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in Switzerland in 2006. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.

Kalhoro^a, H.N.; Veits^b, J.; Rautenschlein^c, S.; Zimmer^a, G. (2009) A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus replicon vaccine protects chickens from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N1). Vaccine 27: 1174-1183.

Macchi¹, M.; Bel¹, M.; Guzylack-Piriou¹, L.; Ruggli¹, N.; Liniger¹, M.; McCullough¹, K.C.; Sakoda², Y.; Isoda², N.; Matrosovich³, M.; and Summerfield¹. A. (2009) Hemagglutinin-dependent tropism of H5N1 avian influenza virus for human endothelial cells. H5N1 virus tropism for endothelial cells.

Aricibasi, M., Gerber, M., Locher, S., Zimmer, G. Adaptation and transmission patterns of H5 and H7 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic chickens. Poster presentation at the 22^nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Virology, March 14-17, 2012, Essen, Germany.

Zugehörige Dokumente

• 1.10.11 DB Zimmer MJB 2015.pdf [PDF] 74 kB

URL-Adressen (Deutsch)

1.10.11 Zimmer Adaption AI aus wildlebenden Wasservögeln an Haushuhn und Hausente (063-504/3/11)