Schlüsselwörter
(Englisch)
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Land management; urban planning; land policy; property rights ; planning tools; land market urban sustainability
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Forschungsprogramme
(Englisch)
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COST-Action TU0602 - Land Management for Urban Dynamics
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Kurzbeschreibung
(Französisch)
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Dans un contexte marqué par la non-reproductibilité de la ressource 'sol', ce projet de recherche porte sur la problématique générale de la maîtrise foncière. Cette dernière est une condition nécessaire pour influencer les modalités de la production urbaine et donc la qualité de l'urbanisation. Le projet est organisé en deux parties. La première pose le cadre général de la question foncière par le biais d'une analyse du régime institutionnel de la ressource 'sol'. Elle a pour but de préciser les moyens disponibles en Suisse pour développer des stratégies de maîtrise foncière. La seconde vise à identifier des stratégies effectives de maîtrise foncière. Mobilisant la méthodologie de l'étude de cas, elle a pour but de caractériser ces stratégies - compte tenu du potentiel repéré en première partie - et de montrer en quoi et à quelles conditions elles constituent des exemples de bonnes pratiques en faveur d'un développement urbain de qualité. Le projet est conçu de façon à permettre une interaction régulière avec les travaux qui seront menés au sein du réseau de l'action COST TU 0602. Il devra notamment permettre de contribuer à l'élaboration d'une grille d'analyse comparative qui sera développée par les délégués de tous les pays participants à l'action, de tirer parti - au moins comme source d'inspiration - des exemples de bonnes pratiques mis en oeuvre dans les autres pays participants et de veiller à documenter les cas suisses de manière à rendre possible l'identification de leurs modalités de transfert dans d'autres contextes nationaux.
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Weitere Hinweise und Angaben
(Englisch)
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Full name of research-institution/enterprise: Université de Lausanne Institut de politiques territoriales et d'environnement humain IPTEH Bâtiment Amphipôle - Quartier Sorge
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Partner und Internationale Organisationen
(Englisch)
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BE, CH, CY, DK, ES, FI, FR, IT, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, PT, SI, SK, UK
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Abstract
(Englisch)
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The COST action is centered on the issue of land management within the urban development process. Landed property is an important variable in the urban production process. But the way it influences outcomes is often poorly understood. The action is explicitly investigating the impact of the different ways of managing land within the participating countries. In 2010, research has been conducted on two fields. The first is centered on land management regimes and policies. This refers to the institutional and legal framework, which governs land tenure, use and property transmissions, land use regulation and planning. Research has particularly addressed the relationship between the protection of private property rights and the public bodies' capacity to act within the planning and urban development process. The Swiss contribution has focused on a problem, which is at the heart of many of the current issues in spatial planning: the gap that can exist between land use planning and the way land is actually used. An illustration of this gap is the high proportion of land zoned for building, which has and is not being developed (land ' hoarding '). This phenomenon is obvious in both urban and rural areas - though the logic behind these occurrences is not the same - and is contributing to put pressure on surrounding areas. The research conducted in this field has led us to consolidate work already done on the land management regime, but mainly on a federal level. The Swiss case is particularly interesting in so far, as the federal institutional framework has contributed to generate a large diversity of tools. Three important variables have been identified, with respect to the capacity of planning to act upon actual land use: (1) reducing the possibility for withholding land zoned for construction or for under-exploiting the building potential; (2) compensating those losing out on the process; (3) making landowners participate in the costs generated by land servicing (transport, water, sewage and electricity infrastructures), public spaces and municipal equipment. Preliminary results show that though property rights benefit from a strong protection, possibilities do exist for public bodies to develop more proactive approaches to the urban development process. The second field precisely addresses the use of land management tools within the land development process in order to mobilize land for urban projects. Research has focused on land readjustment as it is implemented in the Canton of Vaud. The land improvement syndicates are a unique tool in Switzerland and are particularly interesting as they offer the possibility to act on all three of the aspects presented above. Through a case study approach, land readjustment's performance is assessed with respect to its capacity to mobilize land supplies at appropriate locations and in a reasonable time frame. Results tend to show that land readjustment's efficiency is linked to both its capacity to restrain property rights and to manage simultaneously the different key components of land supply: zoning (building rights), readjustment (land or property rights), infrastructures and public spaces, thus guaranteeing the financial feasibility of the project and generating positive externalities. Another crucial point is the capacity of land management approaches to implicate owners throughout the entire process. The importance of this element will be further investigated. In 2010, the Swiss delegates actively participated in the two meetings held in Vilnius and Bratislava, as well as in the summer school for the junior researchers in Lodz (Poland). Results of the work done at the 2009 summer school in Gland (VD) have been recently published in a book and a new publication is underway after the 2010 summer school. The Swiss delegation has also submitted two articles to the final report based on the research presented above.
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Datenbankreferenzen
(Englisch)
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Swiss Database: COST-DB of the State Secretariat for Education and Research Hallwylstrasse 4 CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland Tel. +41 31 322 74 82 Swiss Project-Number: C07.0083
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