The scarring of the heel of the round phenomenon was described and researched by Keller et al. (1987), but the causes of the problem were not addressed. More recently, Tribot Laspière et Coulon (2006) released a publication based on a survey among operators in the industry and histological analyses (macroscopic, histological and enzymological). They presented a number of hypotheses on the causes of the problem mainly relating to farming conditions. In Spring 2007, a study was carried out in Switzerland on over 1500 haunches: 624 haunches of the MT, OB, RG categories (shop meat) and 894 haunches of the RV, VK and MA categories (meat for processing). The results of these observations indicated that scarring of the round is found in all classes of muscle, in all categories of animal and for all quality labels (conventional, QM, IPS, M7, BIO, NB); only the frequencies vary. A clear link has been established between the lack of muscle volume and the frequency of appearance of the defect. Depending on the category or quality label, between 60 and 70 % of haunches present this quality defect.
Campbell S.E., Adler R. & Sofka C.M., 2005. Ultrasound of Muscle Abnormalities. Ultrasound Quarterly 21 (2), 87-94.
Järvinen T.A.H., Järvinen T.L.N., Kääriäinen M., Vaittinen S., Kalimo H. & Järvinen M., 2007. Muscle injuries: optimising recovery. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 21 (2), 317-331.
Keller, C., Schläpfer, E & Ossent, P, 1987. Bedeutung und Ursachen beschädigter Unterspälten in der Bindenfleischproduktion, p. 38. [Significance and Causes of Defective Heels of the Round in Dried Meat Products]
Tribot Laspière, P. & Coulon, G, 2006. Les noeuds nerveux en viande bovine, Institut de l’Elevage, p. 43. [Nerve nodes in bovine meat, Institute of Livestock Farming]
Walker F.O., Cartwright M.S., Wiesler E.R. & Caress J., 2004. Ultrasound of nerve and muscle. Clinical Neurophysiology 115, 495-507.
Wüthrich L. 2007. Verwachsene Unterspälten beim Schlachtvieh. Diplomarbeit, Höhere Fachschule für Agrarwirtschaft, Strickhof Lindau. [Defective Heels of the Round in Beef Cattle. Thesus, Higher College of Agriculture, Strickhof Lindau]