Kurzbeschreibung
(Deutsch)
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Das Projekt untersucht traditionelle und neue Nutzungsformen, Nutzungsregelungen und Massnahmen im Hinblick auf die langfristige Sicherung des Erhalts der Moorland-schaften. Es werden in der Schweiz allgemein und speziell im Biosphärenreservat Entlebuch u.a. die Landschafts- und Nutzungsveränderungen erhoben, die Bedeutung der Moorlandschaften für die Gesellschaft beschrieben sowie Nutzungs-, Schutz- und Konfliktregelungen analysiert und bewertet in der Absicht, zuhanden der Akteure auf lokaler, regionaler, nationaler und evtl. internationaler Ebene Vorschläge für die Ver-besserung der Nutzung, des Schutzes, der Integration von Nutzung und Schutz und des Managements von Moorlandschaften sowie der institutionellen Steuerung abzulei-ten.
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Partner und Internationale Organisationen
(Deutsch)
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AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, EE, ES, FR, GR, IE, IS, IT, MT, NL, NO, T, RO, SI, SK, UK
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Abstract
(Deutsch)
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Land-use change, conservation and preservation of moorland landscapes - problems and perspec-tives of historical cultural landscapes. The example of the UNESCO Biosphere Entlebuch. Moorland landscapes consist of a large number of natural, near-natural and man-made elements, which in their entirety determine the character of each individual moorland landscape. They are the only constitutionally protected landscape type in Switzerland. The legal definition describes a moorland landscape as 'a near-natural landscape that is strongly characterised by moors' and whose moor-free sections are 'closely interrelated with the moors in an ecological, visual, cultural or historical sense' (Article 23b §1 Swiss Nature and Cultural Heritage Protection Act), thereby emphasising their varied significance for man. In spite of the widely accepted aim to protect Swiss moorland landscapes, they are by no means secure. They can only be preserved if extensive land-use adapted to the special conditions in moorland landscapes and associated maintenance measures continue, and unsuitable land-uses and over-use are avoided. This problematic situation provided the starting point for this research project, which is part of the Swiss involvement in European co-operation in the area of scientific and technological research, the COST Action A27 Understanding Pre-Industrial Structures in Rural and Mining Landscapes (LANDMARKS). The superordinate aim of the research project was to analyse and evaluate existing and new land-use forms, land-use regulations as well as measures to secure the long-term preservation of moorland landscapes institutionally. The project was divided into two sub-projects: The superordinate aim of the sub-project Moorland landscapes - the changing significance of near-natural cultural landscapes. The example of the UNESO Biosphere Entlebuch (UBE) was to identify and describe the many aspects of the changing human significance of moorland landscape in general and in particular in Entlebuch, in order to identify and document associated changes in the landscape. Overall, the sub-project should make a contribution to the collection and preservation of knowledge about a near-natural cultural landscape that developed over centuries of human use and maintenance. Changes in land-use and in the significance of moorland landscapes are described, together with associated conservation and preservation aims as well as spatial and qualitative changes in the landscape. Research is carried out into options for the long-term conservation of moorland landscapes using traditional and new uses in order to preserve their multi-functionality for society. Furthermore, the development of conservation aims was described together with an overview of conservation concepts at the national, regional and local level in Switzerland in general and in Entlebuch in particular. The research methodology applied included systematic literature and document searches in data banks, libraries and archives, comparative analysis of historic maps, field observation and photography. The data thus gathered was evaluated through systematic analysis of literature and documents, interpretation of maps, drawings and photographs as well as comparative analysis of maps and photographs. The superordinate aim of the sub-project Land-use, conservation and conflict-resolution regulations in moorland landscape protection - description and analysis of their effectivity using the example of the UNESCO Biosphere Entlebuch (UBE) was the analysis of the existing land-use, conservation and conflict-resolution regulations in moorland landscape protection in the context of their goal-directed use and protection and with a view to developing appropriate solutions to the conflicts that arise between individual actors and their interests. To this end existing land-use, conservation and conflict regulations are analysed at national, cantonal, regional and local authority level. In particular the effects of the regulations on the use and protection of moorland landscapes as well as the conflicts arising in this context were examined. The effectiveness of the regulations was assessed by looking at their effects in relation to the stated institutional aims of moorland landscape conservation. The study concludes with general recommendations for optimising the regulations for land-use, conservation and conflict resolution. In order to identify the effects of the regulations on the use and protection of moorland landscapes and the conflicts thereby arising, existing scientific publications were consulted. The different view-points of the actors with regard to the regulations and their effects were also taken into account.
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