Schlüsselwörter
(Englisch)
|
Aerosol; ciliary beat frequency; cytokines; health effects; lung cells; macrophages; peroxides; secondary organic aerosols; ultrafine particles; ultrastructure
|
Forschungsprogramme
(Englisch)
|
COST-Action 633 - Particulate Matter: Properties and Health Effects
|
Kurzbeschreibung
(Englisch)
|
Fine and ultrafine particles in the ambient air seem to evoke respiratory and cardiovascular effects. However, the particle properties causing these effects are mostly unknown. In this project, laboratory-generated and Diesel exhaust particles will be chemically and physically characterized in detail, with emphasis on oxidation parameters (e.g. radical concentration) and morphological shape. These well characterized particles will be applied in on-line experiments to cell cultures, which represent the inner surface of the lungs, in special exposure chambers. Ultrastructural (TEM) and biochemical analyses will be performed on these in vitro samples to assess particle-cell interactions.
|
Partner und Internationale Organisationen
(Englisch)
|
AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GR, HU, IT, LT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SI, TR, UK
|
Abstract
(Englisch)
|
Epidemiology and laboratory studies consistently show that aerosol particles cause negative health effects such as respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases. However, the particle properties causing these effects are largely unknown. The chemical composition, number and mass of inhaled particles are likely important factors involved in adverse health effects associated with exposure to particles in the atmosphere. Therefore, aerosol characteristics should be carefully monitored and maintained in model systems to study the interaction of particles with the lung. It was the aim of this project to investigate the interaction of fine and ultrafine organic particles with cellular and acellular lung components by ultrastructural, biochemical and physiological methods. The main focus was on the properties of the particles. We developed an aerosol deposition chamber to expose lung-cell cultures to particles ? 1 m in diameter, using a conditioned air-flow mimicking closely the particle deposition conditions in the lung (Savi et al., 2007; 2008). In this new deposition chamber particles are deposited in a controlled and standardized manner, highly efficient, reproducibly and very uniformly onto the entire cell culture, a key aspect, if cell responses are quantified in respect of the deposited particle dose. Further advantages are short exposure times and the simultaneous exposure of 6 individual cell cultures. The exposure chamber was additionally equipped with a fiber optic to determine the ciliary beat frequency, indicative of the defense capability of the cells. This allows us to measure cellular responses online, i.e. during aerosol exposure. Online analyses of the lung cells are complemented by off-line biochemical, physiological and morphological cell analyses. The suitability of the chamber for cells was successfully tested on lung epithelial cells and macrophages using (inert) polystyrene particles of different sizes and materials (Lang et al., 2007; Savi et al., 2007; 2008). The exposure of lung-epithelial cells and macrophages to polystyrene particles in our newly developed particle deposition chamber has not yielded in loss of the cellular integrity or in increased cytotoxicity measured by the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Furthermore, the phagocytic activity of macrophages was not impaired. Data from experiments conducted with oxidized organic particles of different sources indicate the induction of distinct cellular effects by these aerosols (Geiser et al., 2007; Kalberer et al., 2007) as well as effects related to particle properties.
|
Datenbankreferenzen
(Englisch)
|
Swiss Database: COST-DB of the State Secretariat for Education and Research Hallwylstrasse 4 CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland Tel. +41 31 322 74 82 Swiss Project-Number: C03.0052
|
