Description succincte
(Allemand)
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Die vielfältige Bedeutung von Bewegung und Sport für die Gesundheit ist klar erwiesen. Bewegungsmangel ist vergleichbar schädlich wie Rauchen. Eine vertiefte Analyse der Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragung 1997 sowie eigene Untersuchungen des BASPO haben gezeigt: ein gutes Drittel der Schweizer Bevölkerung ist inaktiv, 1/3 bewegt sich im Sinn der Mindestempfehlungen, nur 1/3 ist sportlich trainiert. Die körperliche Inaktivität nahm in den letzten 5 Jahren eher zu, ebenso die jetzt schon grossen Unterschiede nach Landesteil, Alter, Geschlecht und Einkommen.
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Objectifs du projet
(Allemand)
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Die Erfahrungen des BASPO aus der Leistungsdiagnostik im Spitzensportbereich, aus der wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung von Leistungstests und aus der Anwendung von leistungsphysilogischen Methoden in der Messung von körperlicher Aktivität sollen auch für den Bereich des Breitensports und der Gesundheitsförderung durch Bewegung und Sport umgesetzt werden.
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Résumé des résultats (Abstract)
(Allemand)
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Physiological validation study of five widely-used epidemiological physical activity short questionnaires, based on heart rate monitoring, accelerometry and indirect calorimetry
Summary
The outstanding importance of regular physical activity and exercise for disease prevention and health promotion is widely accepted. By an increasing number of national health authorities, regular physical activity is no longer regarded as an exclusively personal responsibility and there are first scientific estimations available for the public health burden or economic costs of physical inactivity. Switzerland is currently developing a national policy to promote physical activity and exercise. In order to estimate physically activity in the population and to reliably monitor effects of programmes promoting exercise, suitable methods are required. Self-completed or interviewer-administered questionnaires are useful tools to assess physical activity in epidemiological studies; however this method will always be subject to error. Test-retest reliability and validity have to be determined to know the characteristics of available questionnaires. In Switzerland, new short physical activity questionnaires have been used in large representative studies without being formally validated. Furthermore, international standardized and validated instruments are lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine the test-retest reliability and the validity of several recently developed and applied instruments in Switzerland. The “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” of the World Health Organization and the Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention will be included in this study. The proposed study consists of two parts: in part I, 300 German-speaking volunteers aged 15-75 years from Biel/Bienne and the Seeland region will be recruited to examine the test-retest reliability of the five questionnaires under study. A subsample of 50 persons will participate in part II, a physiological validation study. Each subject will undergo an individual “calibration” of energy expenditure during typical lifestyle activities (such as walking briskly or riding a bike), performed under standardized conditions and using indirect calorimetry, heart rate monitoring and accelerometry. During the assessment week, in which the subjects participate, all physical activities of their normal everyday life are monitored with an accelerometer, and heart rate monitor, plus a detailed, self-administered physical activity diary. Given the complexity of the data collected, the research plan proposes to devote sufficient time to statistical analysis. The results of the study will allow to check whether the estimates of different levels of physical activity behaviour in the Swiss population are correct. The physiological findings regarding the validated instruments will help to decide which of the questionnaires is best for different applications, also on the international level. Furthermore, this study will hopefully provide insights to develop better questionnaires. The proposed study is a joint–venture of five institutions with different but complementary research profiles: the Institute of Sport Sciences of the Federal Office of Sports in Magglingen, the Institute of Physiology of the University of Lausanne, the Federal Office of Statistics in Neuchâtel, the Division of Epidemiology of the University Hospital in Geneva, and the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Basel.
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