(1) The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 634 dogs and 596 cats was 41.2% and 41.9%, respectively. Young animals (<=3 years) had significantly higher odds of carrying C. upsaliensis/C. helveticus than older animals (OR 1.8 - 3.3), whereas for C. jejuni carriage, the age was not a risk.
(2) Among 243 apparently epidemiologically unrelated C. jejuni isolates, 136 different genotypes were identified, of which 48 were clusters grouping at least two isolates. A high degree of source mixing within the genotypes was observed, indicating the lack of host specificity of C. jejuni. By comparing isolates from different hosts, several C. jejuni strains were identified which remained identical over several years and in different species.
(3) With the stochastic exposure model, the significance of the assessed exposure pathways was shown to differ considerably between age groups. With the included exposure pathways, 70% of the cases in young children and about 80% of the cases in the group of people aged from 20 to 34 years could be explained. Traveling abroad accounted for 53% of the cases in young adults, poultry for 24%, and pets for 3%.